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Special Issue: New Energy Materials and Device

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Energy&Environmental Materials 2021

Unraveling Anaerobic Digestion Foaming via Association between Bacterial Metabolism and Variations in Microbiota

Foaming in anaerobic digesters is considered to be a global concern because of its significant impact on process efficiency and operational costs. Although the importance of organic loading rate on anaerobic foaming is widely recognized, there is little information on key bacteria among the hundreds of species that induce foaming, especially the metabolite–microbiota correlation that influences foaming in anaerobic digesters. This study demonstrated that the organic loading rate promoted foaming and decreased the performance of bench-scale batch digesters. Metabolomic analysis revealed distinct changes in the metabolic phenotype, including short-chain fatty acids and amino acids, decreasing surface tension and inducing foaming. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that Clostridium clusters, Sporolactobacillus, and Bacteroides were the primary microbes that contributed to the metabolite foaming incidents. Thus, the findings of this study elucidate the complex formation of foaming in anaerobic digestion and provide an effective early warning to control foaming in full-scale digesters.

ACS ES&T Engineering2021

Recent Advances in Heterosilica-Based Micro/Nanomotors: Designs, Biomedical Applications, and Future Perspectives

The development of self-propelled micro/nanomotors (MNMs) has presented a variety of opportunities in the biomedical field because of their surprisingly high performance. However, the biosafety and feasibility of MNMs is still far from satisfactory for disease treatment in clinical application. Silica is one of the most extensively used material for the construction of versatile MNMs and has been intensively applied in the biomedical field due to their excellent biocompatibility, negligible cytotoxicity, and tailorable physiochemical properties such as stimuli-responsive behavior, controllable particle size, surface topology, shape, and mesostructure as well as conjugating targeting molecules and/or gatekeepers to endow enhanced cellular internalization, improved cell selectivity, and on-demand release. Heterosilica-based MNMs, a class of silica-based structures incorporated with diverse functional units and materials, exhibit new burgeoning possibilities for practical biomedical applications. These functional units and compositions substantially created an enormous impact on improving the motion performances and morphological features of MNMs. In this review, we present a systematic overview of the development of the heterosilica-based MNM systems. The discussion is mainly focused on the design and construction of diverse heterosilica-based engines. Meanwhile, we also highlight the effects of key parameters on their performance such as surface properties. Then, we summarize their biomedical applications. We further provide an outlook toward future developments of the heterosilica-based MNMs. This review is expected to inspire further development in future biomedical applications.

Chemistry of Materials2021