期刊
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
标题
Effective Pretreatment of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Biomass Using a Low-Cost Ionic Liquid (Triethylammonium Hydrogen Sulfate): Optimization by Response Surface Methodology–Box Behnken Design
作者
Wafa Dastyar, Ming Zhao, Wenyi Yuan, Hui Li, Zhao Jia Ting, Hosein Ghaedi, Hairong Yuan, Xiujin Li, Wei Wang
摘要
Recently, dealing with generated heavy metal-contaminated biomasses (HMCBs) harvested from phytoextraction process has drawn increasing attention. In this study, the feasibility of an HMCB (willow) pretreatment using a low-cost ionic liquid (IL), namely, triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate [TEA][HSO4], is investigated to remove the high contents of HMs prior to further thermochemical and biological valorization. The operating variables were temperature (75–105 °C), IL:biomass (10:1–30:1) ratio, and time (4–8 h) with constant feedstock particle size (0.35 mm). According to results obtained from response surface methodology–Box Behnken design (RSM–BBD), the optimum conditions of the IL-based pretreatment of HMCB for maximum HMs’ removal are temperature, 93 °C; IL:biomass ratio, 30:1; and time, 7.12 h. Under the optimum conditions, the IL is found to solubilize lignin and hemicellulose respectively about 70.54% and 92.56%; and subsequently, effective removal of HMs from HMCB is obtained (Cu, 100%; Zn, 88.77%; Mn, 79.70%; Fe, 73.11%; Cd, 70.42%; Al, 34.53%; and Cr, 18.17%), while Pb removal is negligible. The average amount of confidence intervals of developed models is ∼95%, and generally, the ratio of IL:biomass shows a higher effect on the efficiency of biomass fractionation and HMs’ removal, compared with temperature and time; however, interactions between the operating parameters are negligible.
原文链接
